ABSTRACT
The need to protect the population of the territories and personnel of the facilities serviced by the Federal Medical and Biological Agency in emergency situations by medical treatment organizations and mobile medical formations sets them an important task — to provide timely emergency and urgent medical care to victims in an emergency in accordance with modern principles of medical evacuation routing. The aim of the study is to analyze and to evaluate the main results of the activities of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita" as a part of Federal Medical and Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, to develop proposals and to define objectives for further development and improvement of the system to organize medical care and medical evacuation in emergencies at facilities and territories served by FMBA of Russia. Materials and research methods. Materials: regulatory, legal and methodological documents governing the procedure for provid-ing medical aid to the victims of emergencies;reports of the structural units of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita", including special exercises held in 2021;scientific papers on topical issues of medical support to the population in emergencies. Research methods: analytical, statistical, method of direct observation. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the first year of operation of the the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita" as a part of Federal Medical and Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation in 2021 are presented. The following results are considered and analyzed: special trainings of the Field Multidisciplinary Hospital and Consolidated medical detachment;work on medical support of mass events — "Tavrida" Forum of Young Culture and Arts Workers and "Silk Road" international rally. The work of the laboratory of scientific and methodical problems of medical support in emergency situations established in the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita" within the past year was characterized. Decrease of the Center of sanitary avia-tion and ambulance services abroad activities due to borders closing, caused by COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted. The activities of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita" in the field of civil defense in the interests of FMBA of Russia, are listed. The main tasks for the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Zaschita" for 2022 are formulated. © Burnasyan FMBC FMBA.
ABSTRACT
To date, a new coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (also known as COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no specific drugs for the treatment of this infection until now. It is known that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus, which mainly affects the cells of the respiratory and digestive systems. There are scientific data on the effectiveness of a number of physiotherapy methods for a new coronavirus infection, which justifies their inclusion in the complex rehabilitation within the in-patient stage. Aim. This work aimed at the scientific justification of the physical factors use in the rehabilitation programs of patients after pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Material and methods. 60 patients (40 women and 20 men) who had suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia were examined. The time from the onset of the disease was on average 2 months. The study involved patients with mild and moderate pneumonia. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (30 patients) received low-intensity magnetic therapy for the chest area, infrared laser therapy for the lung roots, chest massage, therapeutic gymnastics and a course of hyperbaric oxygenation. The second group (30 patients) received high-intensity magnetic stimulation of the respiratory muscles, infrared laser therapy on the lung roots, chest massage, therapeutic gymnastics and a course of hyperbaric oxygenation. Results. As a result of the conducted rehabilitation programs, there was an improvement in the well-being of patients in both groups. There was a decrease in shortness of breath, an increase in physical activity, a decrease and disappearance of pain in the chest area. This was confirmed by a significant reliable dynamics of the 6-minute walk test and the laser Doppler flowmetry parameters and spirometry. Positive dynamics in the C — reactive protein parameter and a tendency to improve the D –dimer parameter were revealed. The changes in the studied parameters were more significant in patients of the second group. Conclusion. Thus, analyzing the results obtained, it can be argued that the developed comprehensive treatment programs for patients who have suffered pneumonia associated with COVID-19 lead to clinical improvement in this category of patients. However, more significant changes in the studied parameters were noted in the group of patients that received a comprehensive program that included a high-intensity electromagnetic field. © 2022 ABC-press Publishing House
ABSTRACT
Objective. To study an efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of COVID-19. Material and methods. Efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma exchange was performed within 24 hours after admission to ICU. Circulating plasma volume (70-150%) was replaced with donor fresh frozen plasma, CovRec plasma ≤300 ml and balanced crystalloid solutions ≤800 ml. Mean volume of exchange was 3000 ml (min 2000 ml, max 4000 ml). We analyzed mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in patients after plasma exchange in addition to standard therapy (main group) and in the control group (standard therapy alone). Results. Mortality in the main group was 16.67% (n=5), in the control group — 57.41% (n=31) (p=0.001). Conclusion. Plasma exchange is an effective and safe method significantly reducing mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. These data are confirmed by laboratory data. A multiple-center study of efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of severe COVID-19 is needed. © S.S. OCHKIN, A.S. SAMOYLOV, YU.D. UDALOV, N.M. KRUGLYAKOV, G.I. BAGZHANOV.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, members of the Coronaviridae family have caused outbreaks of respiratory diseases (MERS, SARS, and COVID-19). At the same time, the potential of radiation-induced inactivation of this group of viruses have been little studied, although radiation technologies can be widely used both in the processing of personal protective equipment and in the sterilization of vaccines. In the present work, the effect of 10 MeV electron beams and 7.6 MeV bremsstrahlung on the coronavirus infection pathogen (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) has been studied in vitro. In the given experimental conditions, irradiation with photons turned out to be more effective. The virus-containing suspension frozen at -86°C was the most resistant to radiation: the dose required for complete inactivation of the virus in this case was from 15 kGy, while for the liquid suspension and lyophilized form the sterilizing dose was from 10 kGy. At lower radiation doses for all samples during passaging in cell culture, residual infectious activity of the virus was observed. These differences in the efficiency of inactivation of liquid and frozen virus-containing samples indicate a significant contribution of the direct effect of radiation.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The article covers issues related to providing personal protection equipment (PPE) for medical staff exposed to coronavirus (or similar infection) in the face of global pandemic and insufficient supply of infectious hospitals with disposable overalls. As many polymeric materials used to make such overalls do not feature required thermal stability and consequently they cannot be treated with heat disinfection, radiation treatment of protective overalls with electron accelerators for the purpose of their reuse was considered. Due to rich experience in addressing the issues of providing high-efficient, physiologically acceptable PPE for the personnel of radiation and chemical hazardous facilities, in particular during Chernobyl nuclear disaster elimination, the Laboratory of PPE for the Personnel of Hazardous Production Facilities, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, could extend methods of assessment and techniques of human protection against high-toxic substances to establishment of protection against microbiological threats. Results: The article provides results of analysis and tests of materials for overalls and respiratory PPE currently in use. Based on the material tests for radiation stability, air permeability, liquid penetration and protective properties with respect to aerosols, recommendations for improvement of efficiency and comfort of the PPE suite have been developed. Conclusion: The study showed feasibility of reusing overalls after radiation treatment. However, such treatment is appropriate only in periods of major emergencies during peacetime and wartime, when there are no production capabilities for manufacturing of new products. Location of the irradiation facility in the vicinity of consumers (e.g. medical institutions) is a prerequisite for this treatment. It should be emphasized that radiation treatment must be performed under strict supervision of accredited test facilities. Further research is required for development and enhancement of PPE and system of its application. This will allow to make longtime wear of PPE more comfortable without sacrificing its protective efficiency and develop a manual on product-specific radiation treatment. © 2020 State Research Center, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
One of the serious problems of modern Health care is a new coronavirus infection - COVID-19, which has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization and has covered more than 190 countries. Despite the measures has been taken to limit contacts between people and isolate patients with suspected coronavirus infection, the number of cases grows exponentially every day. Leading laboratories are working on a vaccine, but according to some optimistic forecasts, it may be available no earlier than 11-12 months. According to published data on attempts using various drug regimens in clinical trials, methodological manuals and clinical guidelines for patient management are constantly being developed and updated depending on the severity of the condition. The appointment of a number of drug combinations should be carried out taking into account the definition of an individual assessment of the benefits and risks, because there is ample evidence of serious side effects. More serious lung tissue lesions are characteristic of patients of an older age group (over 60 years old) with the presence of concomitant diseases, such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes mellitus and obesity, diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and kidneys, which implies taking basic therapy in a constant mode. The appointment of a number of drug combinations should be carried out taking into account the definition of an individual assessment of the benefits and risks, because there is enough evidence of serious side effects, such as the QT interval prolongation, hepatotoxicity, adverse events from the central nervous system. It is necessary to evaluate the interaction of drugs used to treat infections caused by the COVID-19 virus with drugs used in outpatient practice.